When a break in service occurs or during a fire hydrant flush (for simple examples), it causes significant pressure loss. Without backflow prevention, line pressure changes can lead to contaminated water back siphoning into drinking water feed lines.

Arsenic V: 92-96%Barium: 95-98%Cadmium: 95-98%Calcium: 94-98%Chloride: 85-92%Cyanide: 84-92%Fluoride: 85-92%Iron: 94-98%Lead: 95-98%Manganese: 94-98%Magnesium: 94-98%Mercury: 95-98%Nickel: 96-98%Nitrate: 60-75%Phosphate: 96-98%Potassium: 85-95%Selenium: 94-96%Sodium: 85-94%Sulfate: 96-98%Zinc: 96-98%

Commercial Application: Reverse Osmosis water filtration is a perfect fit for many businesses, as certain commercial applications require reverse osmosis filtration to remove a specific contaminant from water. Reverse osmosis commercial water treatment may require prefiltration, a demand pump, a large holding tank, and more. But RO filtration might still be the right solution when a high level of a specific contaminant is most economically removed by the RO process. At ESPWaterProducts.com, we carry a wide variety of large RO systems designed for many different commercial applications. If you're interested in commercial reverse osmosis, please give us a call to talk through specifics: 877-377-9876.

REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANEThe semi-permeable RO membrane in your RO system is designed to allow water through but filter out almost all additional contaminants.

As you compare Reverse Osmosis Water filter systems to find the product that is right for you, be sure to ask yourself these 5 questions:

Apollo 4ALF-20C-03 - 6", Stainless Steel, Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Assembly with OSY Gates, Lead Free

Installed at the kitchen sink: A small RO filtration system can be installed at the kitchen tap to provide top-quality drinking water. This is called a “point of use” (POU) water filtration system and can also connect to your fridge and ice machine. Water pressure is a consideration with some refrigerators, so be sure to refer to your RO system’s owner’s manual as the pressure from the Reverse Osmosis unit is about two-thirds of the incoming line pressure. Related content: How to Install a Reverse Osmosis System

Faucet: The RO unit comes with a faucet, which is installed at the kitchen sink. Some areas have plumbing regulations requiring an air gap faucet, but non-air gap models are more common. Designer faucets are also available to complement your kitchen decor.

What's the difference between an “Air Gap” faucet and a “Non-Air Gap” faucet? Which one should you use with your reverse osmosis filter system?Read More>

Check Valve: A check valve is in the outlet end of the RO membrane housing. The check valve prevents the backward flow of treated water from the RO storage tank. A backward flow could rupture the RO membrane.

Either an industrial or residential backflow preventer can provide your clients with numerous benefits. Here are some of the most important ones you can mention to them:

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To provide additional protection against water leakage, maintenance superintendants often invest in more advanced backflow valves, such as spill-resistant vacuum breakers (SVBs). They have a similar structure to PVBs, but they are additionally equipped with diaphragm seals to prevent water from spilling out of the air inlet when there's higher pressure inside.

CTA - cellulose tri-acetate - membrane is chlorine tolerantTFC - thin film composite - not chlorine tolerant but has a higher production capacitypsi - pounds per square inchTDS - total dissolved solidsmg/L - milligrams per litergpg - grains per gallonNTU - nephelometric turbidity units

Flow Restrictor: Water flowing through the RO membrane is regulated by a flow restrictor. There are many different styles of flow controls, but their common purpose is to maintain the flow rate required to obtain the highest quality drinking water (based on the gallon capacity of the membrane). The flow restrictor also helps maintain pressure on the inlet side of the membrane. Without the additional pressure from the flow control, very little drinking water would be produced because all the incoming water would take the path of least resistance and simply flow down the drain line. The flow control is most often located in the RO drain line tubing.

Reverse Osmosis water filtration process is simple and straightforward. It is accomplished by water pressure pushing tap water through a semi-permeable membrane to remove contaminants from water. This is a process in which dissolved inorganic solids are removed from a solution. This process differs from standard filtration where impurities are collected within the filter media. The reverse osmosis process pushes water through a series of filters and ultimately the clean water goes to the holding tank, and the contaminants are flushed down the drain.

A backflow preventer is an essential component in pipelines involving cross-connections. While a check valve is commonly associated with preventing backflow, an actual backflow preventer performs a more specific duty and is a bit more complicated in design.

We’ve been in the water filtration business since 2003 and have found Reverse Osmosis filtration to consistently be one of the best ways to remove contaminants from tap water.

A common reverse osmosis (RO) under-sink drinking water system is highly effective at removing or reducing a wide range of contaminants from water.

Backflow prevention devices allow you to prevent the reversal of flow in plumbing systems. However, you can't test them post-installation because they don't have an inlet valve shutoff, outlet valve shutoff and test valves.

For more information about whole-house reverse osmosis and what whole house water filters we recommend, please read this article.

Apollo 4ALF-10G-03 - 10", FDA Epoxy Coated Ductile Iron, Backflow Preventer, Double Check Valve Assembly w/ OSY Gates, Lead Free

Apollo 4ALF-209-03 - 2-1/2", Stainless Steel, Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Assembly with OSY Gates, Lead Free

Principally, both prevent fluid from traveling backwards in a line, but a check valve in itself is not an absolute, particularly in functions that demand backflow prevention, such as piping systems utilizing added chemicals, or are prone to frequent pressure loss, or absolutely must not fail.

Reverse Osmosis Membrane: The Reverse Osmosis Membrane is the heart of the system. The semipermeable RO membrane is designed to remove a wide variety of both aesthetic and health-related contaminants. After passing through the membrane, the water goes into a pressurized storage tank where treated water is stored.

Apollo 4ALF-200-03 - 3", Stainless Steel, Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Assembly with OSY Gates, Lead Free

A backflow assembly has all the requisite valves and shutoffs for testing, and it is recommended to test it on a regular basis to make sure it functions properly. Some of the most popular backflow prevention assemblies are:

Because minerals in water are in an inorganic state that our bodies cannot digest, removing the minerals does not make RO-filtered water unhealthy. Keep in mind that while minerals are essential for proper health, food is the primary source of the minerals our bodies need to be healthy--and in a form our bodies can digest.

Reverse Osmosis incorporates carbon filtration which removes chlorine, chloramines, forever chemicals like PFOS, Arsenic V, pesticides, herbicides and more. The removal of these contaminants not only makes for safer drinking water, but also greatly improves the taste.

Generally, reverse osmosis systems are very quiet-- though you may hear a “gurgling” sound as the “concentrate” or waste water flows from the membrane to the drain. Reverse osmosis is designed so that “crossflow” water flushes the contaminated concentrate away from the system. This flushing keeps the unit from fouling.

These pipeline assemblies typically involve potable water, where contamination from sewage, chemicals, etc. can spell disaster. Major applications will include plumbing and other waterworks, irrigation systems, and fire prevention systems. Check how backflow valves can improve your plumbing services and help your clients avoid contamination!

Pre-Filter(s): Water from the cold-water supply line enters the Reverse Osmosis Pre Filter first. There may be more than one pre-filter used in a Reverse Osmosis system, the most common being sediment and carbon filters. These pre-filters are used to protect the RO membranes by removing sand silt, dirt, and other sediment that could clog the system. Additionally, carbon filters may be used to remove chlorine, which can damage the RO membranes.

Backwater valve

Pesticides and fertilizers must not be allowed to contaminate watering systems, where they could be potentially harmful. Installed at cross-connections, a backflow preventer keeps the chemicals from the potable water supply.

Post filter(s): After the water leaves the RO storage tank, but before going to the RO faucet, the treated water goes through a final “post filter”. The post filter is usually a carbon filter. Any remaining tastes or odors are removed from the product water by post filtration “polishing” filter.

A whole-house Reverse Osmosis system (also called a POE “point of entry” system) allows RO filtered water at all sinks, showers and appliances throughout the house. A POE system ties into the main water line coming into your home and is generally installed in the garage.

Cold Water Line Valve: Valve that fits onto the cold-water supply line. The valve has a tube that attaches to the inlet side of the RO pre filter. This is the water source for the RO system.

More details on reverse osmosis abaility to remove contaminants from water is available here. That is where Reverse Osmosis comes in. With an RO water filtration system, you can filter out impurities and produce outstanding drinking water for your home or business.

For potable water and plumbing applications that require meeting the Clean Water Act's restrictions and for use in other piping systems where backflow and back-siphonage must be eliminated, the 100 double check valve assembly and the top entry reduced pressure zone assembly 200 series are essential, as both are lead-free, and both are manufactured in the United States. (Replaces the original 4A Series, but parts are interchangeable).

Apollo 4ALF-10E-03 - 8", FDA Epoxy Coated Ductile Iron, Backflow Preventer, Double Check Valve Assembly w/ OSY Gates, Lead Free

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This guideline is very general. Specific information about how often your RO membrane and filters should be replaced can be found in the product owner's manual for each system. If you’ve purchased your RO drinking water system or replacement filters from us here at ESP Water Products, we will send reminder emails when it comes time to change your filter.

RO systems can remove harmful contaminants such as pesticides, PFAS, herbicides, chlorine, chloramine, and Arsenic V, certainly making an RO system “worth it.”

1. Whole-house reverse osmosis water filters can be expensive2. Whole-house RO water filter systems require a lot of maintenance.3. Whole-house reverse osmosis consumes a lot of water4. Whole-house RO flushes a lot of filtered water down the drain.5. Additional pre-treatment and post treatment will probably be needed.6. A lot of storage space is required for the large whole-house RO system.

One of the most appreciated backflow regulator manufacturers is Apollo. Check out some of the products we recommend to improve your plumbing services!

CARBON FILTERThe carbon filter is designed to remove chlorine and other contaminants that affect the performance and life of the RO membrane as well as improve the taste and odor of your water. *In a 5-stage RO system, phase 2 and 3 are both carbon filters.

Non-air gap faucets tend to be quieter than air-gap faucets. Non-air gap faucets make no gurgling sound since the drain line from the RO membrane flows directly into the sink drain line. Learn more about the difference between “Air Gap” and “Non-Air Gap” faucets.

Automatic Shut Off Valve (SOV): To conserve water, the RO system has an automatic shut off valve. When the storage tank is full, the automatic shut off valve closes to stop any more water from entering the membrane and blocks flowing to the drain. Once water is drawn from the RO faucet, the pressure in the tank drops; the shut off valve then opens to send the drinking water through the membrane while the contaminated wastewater is diverted down the drain.

Community/Private: Non­-ChlorinatedSystem Pressure: 30 – 100 PSITemperature: 40° – 100° F (4° – 38° C)pH Range: 3.0 – 11.0Maximum Supply TDS (total dissolved solids) Level: 2000 mg/LTurbidity: < 1.0 Net Turbidity (NTU)Hardness (CaCO3: < 350 mg/L (< 01 mg/LIron (Fe): < 0.05 mg/LManganese (Mn): 0.00 mg/LHydrogen Sulfide (H2S): 0.00 mg/LChlorine (Cl2): N/A

A reverse osmosis drinking water system should be cleaned, sanitized and recharged annually. To simplify things we recommend sanitizing your system when you change out your filters. Read detailed instructions on how to sanitize an RO system. You can hire a local water treatment professional to clean and sanitize your system or you can perform the annual sanitation and filter change yourself. Learn more about how to replace your RO water filters.

There are two main kinds of backflow preventers you can install to protect your clients from harmful damage, divided into several subtypes. They are as follows:

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Tap water varies with each city and water source. Some tap water is heavy in mineral content which can affect the taste and smell of water. Filtering water with a reverse osmosis system will remove most minerals in water and greatly improve the aesthetics of drinking water.

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Also known as an RP (reduced pressure) or an RPZ (Reduced Pressure Zone) valve, a backflow prevention device is furthermore beneficial to irrigation systems, which are prone to problems--pressure drops--similar to drinking water systems. This can happen during a pressure loss, allowing chemicals to siphon back into the fresh water supply.

Removes ImpuritiesReverse osmosis water systems can reduce or remove common pollutants from water including nitrates, lead, pesticides, PFOS, sulfates, fluoride, bacteria, pharmaceuticals, Arsenic V, and much more. A Reverse Osmosis systems’ carbon filter will also remove chlorine and chloramines.

If you're searching for a water filtration system that will give you outstanding water. Here are a few reasons to consider RO:

General performance data is available below for under-counter RO systems. Manufacturers often provide specific information on their system to help consumers understand the capabilities and effectiveness of their reverse osmosis system.

An under sink RO drinking water filtration system uses the same technology that major water bottling plants use to filter water.

A backflow preventer is advantageous if a foreign object lodges itself in the clapper (check valve), causing it to stick open. Here, the ordinary check valve will fail, allowing fluid to travel either direction through the valve, while a backflow preventer will trap and divert the fluid rather than allowing it to pass.

Saves MoneyWith an RO system, you can cancel your water delivery service and stop purchasing cases of bottled water. Reverse Osmosis filtration provides “better-than-bottled water” quality water for just pennies per gallon.

The water professional will most likely run a quarter-inch tube from the under-sink RO unit to your fridge. Water pressure is a consideration with some refrigerators, so be sure to refer to your RO system’s owner’s manual as the pressure from the reverse osmosis unit is about two-thirds of the incoming line pressure.

At ESP Water Products, we’ve been selling water filtration equipment for 18+ years. This longevity in the industry has made us very selective in what we sell and endorse. We carry only Reverse Osmosis systems that have won our confidence--those that are manufactured with the highest-quality components, offer outstanding warranties, and have the highest ratings for customer satisfaction.

In the case of this device, water pressure is not the most important for its functioning - it relies mostly on air pressure. It has an air inlet valve that stays closed when water flows in the right direction. If the water flow reverses, the air inlet valve opens so as not to allow for back-siphonage.

3. Give us a call: In case the above steps haven't helped you determine the necessary filters, don't hesitate to contact our customer support. We're here to assist you from Monday to Friday, 9 am to 5 pm Central Time at 877-377-9876.

In double-check valves, you can find four test valves, two spring-loaded and independently working check valves, as well as an outlet shutoff valve. Importantly, in order to be able to maintain the DCVA properly, you need to provide at least a foot of clearance.

Community/Private: ChlorinatedSystem Pressure: 30 – 100 PSITemperature: 40° – 90° F (4°– 32° C)pH Range: 4.0 – 8.0Maximum Supply TDS Level: 1500 mg/LTurbidity: < 1.0 Net Turbidity (NTU)Hardness (CaCO3: < 350 mg/L (< 0.1 mg/L)Iron (Fe): < 0.05 mg/LManganese (Mn): 0.00 mg/LHydrogen Sulfide (H2S): 0.1 – 10.0 mg/LChlorine (Cl2): N/A

In theory, whole house reverse osmosis systems sound like a good idea. But here are the reasons we don't typically recommend whole house RO water filters:

Likewise, fire systems rely on stored water that can become contaminated with bacteria. Preventing backflow and back-siphonage is therefore crucial for obvious safety reasons when the system is connected to a potable water line.

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RO membranes and filters will become clogged and foul with time. When this happens, the RO system will begin to produce less and less drinking water. How often you should change the filters will vary based on water usage and local water conditions.

Because of the pressure-sensing diaphragm, this same scenario is repeated should something be lodged in the second check (the other check valve). Back siphonage is prevented in much the same way--fluid traveling in the wrong direction will not activate the diaphragm; the check valve remains closed.

Backflow prevention is a crucial element in many piping systems, regardless of the fluids or materials they may be transporting. And, keeping up with today's potable water lead restrictions is another concern for piping systems that require a water backflow preventer. When you are buying these specialty valves, consider Apollo's 4ALF series first, and consider buying them from an industrial-grade valve supplier who has been in the business for over 50 years.

The typical under-counter reverse osmosis tank is 12 inches in diameter and 15 inches tall. The reverse osmosis system will operate under water pressure ranging from 40-100 PSI and generate 10-75 gallons (that is 45-340 Liters) per day.

Pressure vacuum breakers (PVB) work in a similar way to AVB but with a significant difference - they have spring-loaded check valves, an outlet shutoff valve and test valves. As a result, they can be used for high-hazard purposes or where valves are downstream.

Most RO systems look similar and have the same basic components.Although most RO systems look and work basically the same way --they differ in the QUALITY of their components.

Such a backflow assembly is suitable for various configurations. Normally, underground installation suggests straight, in-line installation, but in the case of above-ground installation, you can do it in a more compact form to save space. In most cases, it needs to be installed horizontally, but there are assemblies with an option to be set for vertical installation.

Storage Tank: The standard RO storage tank holds from 2 - 4 gallons of water. A bladder inside the tank keeps water pressurized in the tank when it is full. The typical under counter Reverse Osmosis tank is 12 inches in diameter and 15 inches tall.

• Food & Beverage Industry• Agriculture• Boiler Feed• Disaster Relief• Environmental• Hospital• Hotel• Marine• Military• Mining• Pharmaceutical

Considering which replacement filters and membranes you need for your reverse osmosis filtration setup? Here are three steps to guide you in identifying your current RO system, ensuring you select the appropriate replacements.

Often, intricate and problematic piping systems involving cross-connections are code-required to utilize a fail-safe for eliminating back siphonage, which can result in contamination. This phenomenon can occur at these critical cross-connections--common in potable water pipelines servicing large office buildings or apartment complexes-- because they are tied into sewage disposal lines.

Apollo 4ALF-206-A2F - 1-1/4", Bronze, Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Assembly w/ Ball Valves, Lead Free

One of the safest and most reliable backflow preventers on the market is a reduced pressure principle (RP) backflow assembly. It usually has an inlet shutoff valve, an outlet shutoff valve, four test valves, and a pressure differential release valve separating two independent spring-loaded check valves.

Apollo 4ALF-20A-03 - 4", Stainless Steel, Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Assembly with OSY Gates, Lead Free

A check valve is fairly simple. It allows fluid to flow in one direction, and stops it from traveling back through the valve if the fluid reverses direction. A ball, or clapper, automatically moves to stop the flow when the pressure drops below cracking pressure (the amount of fluid pressure required to open the valve). This is a very reliable system for countless applications, but it can fail if something becomes lodged between the ball and the seal, and therefore, it is not suitable for multi-purpose pipelines, which include supplying fresh drinking water.

Another common choice for backflow prevention is a double-check valve assembly (DCVA). It can be installed in both indoor and outdoor plumbing systems, either horizontally or vertically, and it is most often used for in-line or underground applications.

Drain line: This line runs from the outlet end of the Reverse Osmosis membrane housing to the drain. The drain line tubing is used to dispose of the wastewater containing the impurities and contaminants that have been filtered out by the reverse osmosis membrane.

Apollo 4ALF-20G-03 - 10", FDA Epoxy Coated Ductile Iron, Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Assembly with OSY Gates, Lead Free

SEDIMENT FILTERThis pre-filter stage is designed to strain out sediment, silt, and dirt and is especially important as the sediment filter protects dirt from getting to the delicate RO membranes that can be damaged by sediment. Learn more about sediment filter.

The various parts on a reverse osmosis system (such as the storage tank or faucet) will wear out with time. We provide an RO troubleshooting guide to help you diagnose the issue and determine which part needs to be replaced. Also, RO part replacement recommendations may be listed in your RO system's owner's manual.

If you hear other sounds, such as a “hissing” noise, immediately call your local water treatment professional as there may be a problem with water pressure, the air gap or a leak.

Under-the-counter reverse osmosis systems are plumbed to the incoming coldwater line, drain, and an independent faucet. But it is possible for a water treatment professional to plumb an RO unit to your fridge and/or ice machine, as well.

The RO process leaves trace amounts of minerals and salts which makes for an overall better taste rather than the “flat” taste of distilled or bottled water. Best of all, RO-filtered water saves you the expense of bottled water and is better for the environment since you’re not adding water bottles to local landfill. This eco-friendly solution means you can have healthy, naturally-fresh drinking water available right at your kitchen tap.

Apollo 4ALF-207-A2F - 1-1/2", Bronze, Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Assembly w/ Ball Valves, Lead Free

Absolutely. Looking at cost alone, RO systems generally cost less than 30-cents per day to own and operate for a family of four. From a cost-savings perspective, since most Americans spend $100/year on bottled water translating to $400/year for the household, an RO system would save nearly $300/year as it operates for roughly $100/year. And the number crunching doesn’t reveal anything about the health benefits of RO.

Some name brand Reverse Osmosis systems such as Culligan and Rainsoft require expensive proprietary filter replacements. An RO "retrofit" kit allows you to keep your existing RO tank and faucet, but install a new manifold so that going forward, you can have delicious, clean filtered drinking water, without the excessive cost of name-brand filters. Our high-quality compatible filters are guaranteed to meet the performance of proprietary filter.

Reverse Osmosis water filters are the perfect solution if you’re looking to improve the taste, odor and appearance of your water. Here are some of the most common applications for RO technology:

The ValveMan.com valve store is proud to offer Apollo lead-free backflow preventers, as well as an extensive list of other great Apollo valves. In fact, all we sell are valves. It's what we do, and we do it better than anyone else. Check out our offer and contact us if you have any questions!

The guidelines outlined below are very general. Specific information about how often your membrane or filter should be replaced can be found in the products’ “Specs” or your product owner’s manual. If you’ve purchased a system or filter from us here at ESP Water Products, we will send reminder emails when it comes time to change your filter. As a general rule, here are three things you can do to maintain (and increase the lifespan) of your reverse osmosis system:

A reverse osmosis water filter system effectively removes dozens of contaminants, for improved taste and odor-free drinking water.

Since 2003, we’ve found that the quality of components is truly the key differentiation between reverse osmosis systems. This is because RO units manufactured using excellent craftsmanship, as well as superior parts and components are what ultimately produce the best intended results--top-quality water for the home and business.

Addressing these issues is beyond the limits of a simple check valve, and necessitates the utilization of a backflow preventer. The Apollo Valve4ALF-100 and 200 Series offer top-of-the-line technology in backflow and back-siphonage protection.

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An atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB), also referred to as an atmospheric antisiphon, is a commonly used backflow device. They come in various forms, including frostproof wall hydrant faucets and household hose bib vacuum breakers.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a water treatment process that removes contaminants from water by using pressure to force water molecules through a semipermeable membrane. During this process, the contaminants are filtered out and flushed away, leaving clean, delicious drinking water. Reverse osmosis is capable of removing up to 99 percent of 65 different contaminants, including lead, fluoride, PFOS, pesticides, chlorine, dissolved salts, and more.

POLISHING FILTERIn a four-stage RO System, a final post filter (carbon filter) will “polish” off the water to remove any remaining taste and odor in the water. Ensuring you’ll have outstanding drinking water.

Generally, residential "Point Of Use" (POU) RO systems are installed and stored under the kitchen sink and filtered water dispenses from an RO faucet.

Apollo 4ALF-20E-03 - 8", Stainless Steel, Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Assembly with OSY Gates, Lead Free

If you install a PVB outside, you need to protect it from freezing. To make it possible for you to make sure they work correctly, they are equipped with test cocks with specially-calibrated gauges.

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A backflow preventer, on the other hand, incorporates 2 (sometimes more) check valves, which are controlled by a pressure-sensing diaphragm, and a dead space where the fluid is trapped until pressure is equalized on both sides. This is a fail-safe measure designed specifically to divert fluid--through a relief valve--from traveling in either direction should a seal falter.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) water filtration is a process that removes impurities by forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane. This method is highly effective in filtering out dissolved salts and minerals such as sulfate, Magnesium, heavy metals such as lead, arsenic V, fluoride, and dozens of other impurities.

We highly recommend that you purchase top-quality replacement filters that are designed for optimal performance and reliability. To help our customers, we send reminder emails so thye'll know exactly when it's time to change out the filters or membrane.

Improves TasteRO filtration improves taste, odor and appearance of water by removing contaminants that cause taste and odor problems.