Pressure reducing valve for steam - steam pressure regulators

 2024-07-20 22:59:45

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The examples presented and their solutions are intended to present the possibility of calculator application in solving fluid flow problems in pipes.

Compare the performance chart at the bottom of the page for a typical underfloor application with aluminum plates. The underfloor performance difference compared to “above floor” solutions such as Thermalboard are enormous.

Each example was solved using a calculator and the example solution shown was obtained by simply entering known quantities into the calculator, selecting units of measure and type of calculation.

In the case where the desired mean velocity of the fluid flow is known as well as the required volume flow through the pipe, the inner diameter of the pipe can be calculated according to the following:

The velocity of fluid flow is calculated as the ratio between the flow of fluid and the cross-sectional area of the tube. The magnitude calculated in this way is the mean value of the fluid velocity. The actual velocity of the fluid in the pipe is not uniform across the cross-sectional area. The velocity of fluid flow is greatest in the axis of the pipeline, and is equal to zero at the point of contact between the fluid and the pipe wall. The mean velocity of fluid flow can be calculated as follows:

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Thermalboard only requires a supply water temperature of 108°F, compared to an underfloor aluminum plate system which requires a whopping 145°F water temperature! Simple physics dictates, the higher the water temperature required to heat a space lowers the efficiency of the radiant heat system significantly.

Pipe diameter calculator allows you to calculate pipe diameter for known fluid flow and flow rate, as well as stream speed for known pipe flow and diameter. The calculator also allows conversion between volume and mass flow. With the help of a calculator you can calculate the volume flow of an ideal gas at different pressures and temperatures.

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where is: D - internal pipe diameter; q - volumetric flow rate; v - velocity; A - pipe cross section area.

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On the right side you can find three examples showing how you can calculate the pipe diameter if fluid flow and flow rate are known.

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The premium price you paid for the condensing heat source is lost and your energy bills will be higher. Underfloor systems often require water temperatures above 135F, further increasing the life cycle cost of your system. Lower temperature equals lower costs — and better comfort!

Underfloor staple up systems are primarily promoted by online radiant heating supply companies serving the DIY market because the system is easy to explain and supply giving the impression of lower cost.

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Poor Performance of Staple-Up DIY Systems Thermalboard’s high performance originates from our patented board design. Because our high heat transfer aluminum surface is right next to the floor covering, a lower supply water temperate is required. In contrast, underfloor systems are insulted by the subfloor, which means heat needs to travel through the subfloor layer before finally reaching the surface of the floor. This extra layer results in a significant cost increase, especially over the product lifetime.

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Important: File with the solution for this task can be opened with Pipe flow calculator which you can download separately here:

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While the aluminum plates may only cost $1 / sq.ft, installing this type of system properly is extremely labor intensive. It is far easier and faster to install Thermalboard on top of the subfloor rather than beneath it. It’s also more heat efficient.

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When, instead of the volume flow, the mass flow rate and the desired fluid flow rate are known, the internal diameter of the pipe can be determined as follows:

In order to find a solution to your fluid flow problem, you need to download the calculator and open the solutions you can download here.

Task: Calculate the airflow velocity if the inner diameter of the pipe is 50 mm and the flow rate is 100 m3/h at a pressure of 3 bar absolute and a temperature of 15 °C

Task: Calculate the diameter of the carbon dioxide pipe with a flow rate of 10 kg/h and a velocity 2 m/s at a pressure of 7 bar absolute and a temperature of 20 °C.

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These types of staple up systems are rarely used by professional radiant heating companies, particularly when grappling with the design challenge of retaining existing hardwood floors in a home remodel. Professional installers also don’t use these types of systems because of the significant technical and economic downsides.

Mechanical Operational Costs: Most radiant floor systems utilize a condensing boiler or water heater. The condensing in these heaters, which generate the cost savings, occur below a 135F degree exit temperature. If the radiant system requires temperatures higher than 135F, then the actual heat source efficiency drops to about 85%.

Task: Calculate the pipe diameter if the water flow velocity is 1 m/s and the flow rate is 5 lit/min