Hydronics

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Air gap for water supply system is specifically defined as the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening of a water ...

As water heats up in a sealed pressurised heating system the molecules within the water are energised and increase in activity. This will lead to the water expanding. The opposite is also true as water cools.

Importantly, it’s not just heating or hot water systems that require expansion. Chilled systems or cold water loops also need expansion. As the water cools down in these systems it’s important that the system pressure doesn’t drop as this can lead to the creation of a vacuum and/or cavitation. The vessel in this instance will then push pressurised water back into the system to maintain the system pressure.

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Have you ever wondered why expansion vessels come in all sorts of different colours, shapes and sizes, and why they’re even needed?

In a residential cold water boosting application, for example, due to the number of different outlets both small and large, the pressure vessel on these applications is often sized to act as a storage facility and prevent the pumps switch on and off too frequently i.e. if there is only a very small demand, the system will just draw of the vessel for that purpose.

These vessels have two parts. One part contains compressed air (or nitrogen) pre-charged to a certain pressure and the other part contains the pressurised water, with the diaphragm in between. As the water in the system expands and enters the expansion vessel, the air is compressed to absorb the added volume without causing over-pressurisation.  The reason? Water cannot be compressed, but air or gas can be.

This blog will give you a brief guide on expansion vessels, pressure vessels and explain the differences between heating and potable water vessels.

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Expansion vessels vary in design, but an expansion vessel is a tank or cylinder that contains a diaphragm or membrane to manage and contain the expansion and contraction of fluid in a sealed system.

Pressure vessels are also used in a cold water pressure boosting systems to ensure that when there is no draw of water the system stays under pressure.  If there is no pressure vessel on the system, or if the pressure vessel is pre-charged to a higher pressure than the running or switch-off pressure, the pump will re-start immediately when the pump starts.  This can lead to a situation where the pumps ‘hunt’ (constantly switching on and off in quick succession) which causes premature motor and switchgear failure.

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A pressure regulating valve reduces the pressure in a mains supply to a safe level, while relief valves offer an easy way for excess pressure to escape ...

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Mueller Duplex Basket Strainers have all the features you need: Bubble tight seating, true in-line maintainability, extremely easy seat replacement and long ...

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Our extensive range of Pressure Reducing Valves effectively control pressure and flow rates across domestic, commercial and industrial buildings. From compact solutions for tight spaces, to larger high-performance designs and single-piece cartridges for easier serving and maintenance, we offer you a range of options to suit your specific pressure reducing valve application and installation requirements.

Although we are talking about the same product here (expansion vessels and pressure vessels) we would normally use the term ‘pressure’ vessel when describing the vessel used to ensure the smooth control of a pressure boosting system.

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Traditionally pressure vessels were used to control the frequency of the stop/start cycle of pumps on fixed speed booster sets, to prevent any one-pump overworking. As a result larger pressure vessels were used. These days with the majority of boosters using variable speed pumps, there is less of a need for larger vessels.

Reliance Valves Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) prevent damage to heating systems, appliances and buildings by reducing high inlet pressures from the mains water supply to a safer lower outlet pressure.

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In applications where a fixed speed pump is used in conjunction with a pressure switch, the pressure vessel should be pre-charged with compressed air (or nitrogen) to 0.2 bar below the switch-on pressure of the pump.

This can be easily demonstrated by taking a pot of water from room temperature to boiling point and back to room temperature again (or just go and get a brew!). Water expands by roughly 4% when taken from room temperature to 100 deg. C  Why don’t we get steam in a sealed system? Well, that is a story for another day.

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Note: 25AUB-Z3 valves are suitable for outdoor or pit installations. Series 25AUB-Z3. 1⁄2"– 2" (15-50mm). IS-25AUB. 25AUB-Z3. TO FIXTURES. WATTS. BACKFLOW.

Pressure vessels are used to maintain the system pressure when the demand stops and no pumps are running, and to enable the easy start-up of both fixed and variable speed pumps.

Potable water pressure vessels should be WRAS (or equivalent) approved for drinking water applications. As a result some of the materials of construction differ, often using stainless steel for metallic parts in contact with the water, and rubbers specifically suitable for contact with drinking water.