In most cases, the T&P valve will last as long as the water heater itself, and fixes are easy if you perform annual testing to catch problems early.

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If you have a mixing valve and turn your water heater up to high temperatures, such as 140°F, be aware that such hot water can shorten the life of your water heater due to increased corrosion, a more frequent need to change the anode rod and calcification. It may also void your warranty.

Mandated by all plumbing codes, the T&P valve relieves excess temperature and pressure in a water heater if either reaches a critical point. A water heater is a closed system, and thermal expansion is an inescapable fact of both normal and abnormal water heater functioning.

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If you’re thinking you need more hot water, perhaps because your household is growing or you’re home more often, a mixing valve can improve the performance of smaller tanks and help you avoid having to upgrade to a larger unit. However, it’s important to understand how mixing valves work, how they can affect your energy use and what the potential drawbacks are.

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A water heater that periodically discharges hot water and steam from the T&P valve may be set to a water temperature that is too high. Make sure that the water temperature setting is in the normal recommended range—about 120 degrees Fahrenheit—or no more than about 150 degrees Fahrenheit.

Hot water tank pressurerelief valve

If all goes well, a TPR valve never gets used intentionally except during testing. But in the event of an emergency or malfunction, this valve is of critical importance. It can potentially prevent your water heater from exploding. Understanding how a T&P valve works will help you keep your water heater in tip-top shape and prevent possible damage to your home.

In a standard water heater, the water is heated by a gas burner or electric elements. As the water reaches temperatures between 120 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit, both the water and the water heater's metal tank expand.

Some expansion is normal, but too much expansion is unsafe. When the temperature reaches 210 degrees or the pressure reaches 150 psi (pounds per square inch), a properly functioning T&P valve opens and expels hot water and steam through the discharge tube.

Storing hotter water and using a mixing valve will lead to slightly higher standby heat loss than normal. However, if you have a heat pump water heater, you will still see significant energy savings over a conventional electric tank.

While those items are already in place, the discharge tube running downward along the side of the tank is not pre-installed.

However, some caution is necessary whenever working with a water heater, because the T&P valve can become damaged if the water heater has exceeded maximum pressure or temperature levels. If you suspect a pressure-related problem with your water heater tank, hire a licensed plumber to have the water heater inspected.

Briefly pull back on the T&P valve's metal lever to cause a small amount of water (about 1/4 cup) to discharge into the bucket.

When you purchase a water heater, the T&P valve generally comes pre-installed. A threaded inlet is welded onto the side of the tank. This inlet cannot be removed or replaced. The T&P valve is screwed clockwise onto that inlet.

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T&P valves can also become stuck either in a downward (closed) or fully extended (open) position. Either condition is a potentially serious problem.

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If the valve is leaking due to dirt or sediment trapped in the relief port, pull the metal spring lever back again and discharge water into the bucket. Once the lever snaps back again, if the water fails to stop completely, shut turn the gas valve to the off position and shut the water off to replace the valve.

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As helpful as it is, the T&P valve might be thought of as having more uses than it actually does. Here are some things that the T&P valve does not do.

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Follow by tightening the tube fully with a wrench. Be careful not to strip or break off the T&P valve or discharge tube by tightening it too much.

Because the T&P valve is rarely used, mineral build-up can cause it to stiffen over time. This is a significant safety hazard because, in the event of a temperature or pressure spike, the T&P valve may not open as it should and the water heater might explode.

While installing a mixing valve is relatively easy and fairly inexpensive, it’s important to keep in mind that these devices require maintenance, such as cleaning, to keep them working properly. The normal lifespan for a mixing valve is around 5 to 6 years, and they typically fail gradually over time, allowing more hot water through them. In the Pacific Northwest, mixing valves are less likely to fail because of the high-quality water and low calcification. Still, a failed mixing valve can be dangerous if you are exposed to hotter-than-safe water temperatures. Periodically test the water temperature at your sink and watch for any changes.

The stickiness of the valve can sometimes be remedied by simply opening and closing the lever several times. Jiggle the T&P valve by gently pulling the lever towards you. Much like jiggling a toilet handle, this action may be enough to unstick the valve. If this does not fix the problem, replace the valve.

In most cases, there are two problems you might have to address with the T&P valve: a valve that leaks by constantly dripping or a valve that sticks and doesn't open and close properly.

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Place a water heater pan below the water heater to collect slow drips or to catch minor emergency outflows of water. This is done when the water heater is installed.

On the side or top of your water heater tank is a valve connected to a metal or plastic discharge tube pointing downward. The valve is called a T&P valve, or TPR valve, for "temperature and pressure relief."

Installing or replacing the discharge tube is easy, fast, and there is no need to power down or drain the water heater. Most homeowners can do this by themselves.

Overall, adding a mixing valve to your water heater can be an easy way to effectively increase your water heater’s capacity. However, it’s important to weigh the benefits and considerations carefully and ensure that you take the proper precautions to maintain a safe and efficient system.

A mixing valve is a mechanical device attached downstream from your water heater’s outlet. It adds cold water to the hot water leaving your water heater, effectively increasing the amount of warm water being delivered to your home. To ensure that the water arriving at the point of use is sufficiently hot with a mixing valve, the water heater setpoint can be turned up to 140°F. This is easily done on a heat pump water heater using the control panel.

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Before you begin, make sure you know where the shut-off valve of your tank is. It's usually located on the cold water feed, on the right side inlet on top of the tank.

Release the lever and let it snap back to its original position. If the lever does not snap back into place, the valve is faulty and must be replaced.

PressureRelief Valve

When stuck downward, the valve cannot provide relief if the system reaches maximum pressure. As a result, the water heater tank might rupture. When stuck in a fully extended position, the T&P valve will continually leak water down through the discharge tube, potentially flooding the home.

When you’re increasing the temperature setpoint of your water heater and adding a mixing valve, a good rule of thumb is that every 10 degrees increase the temperature is like increasing the volume of your heater by 10 gallons. For example, adding a mixing valve to a 50 gallon tank and turning the temperature setpoint from 120 degrees to 130 degrees would make it perform like a 60 gallon tank. The cold water introduced by the mixing valve will also temper the very hot water coming from the water heater, so the water arriving at your sink or bath will feel just like you’re used to.

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A T&P valve is a valve with an attached tube located on the outside of a water heater. The valve provides relief to the water heater if the pressure exceeds normal operating limits, usually 150 psi.

It’s also worth considering that water stored at high temperatures will kill dangerous bacteria quicker. Most notably Legionella, which leads to Legionnaire’s disease and grows best in water temperatures of 77–113 degrees. Water stored at 120 will kill the bacteria in a matter of hours; 140 degree water will kill the bacteria in a fraction of that time.

When a T&P valve is leaking, it may be due to the valve not being properly seated in the threaded opening of the tank. This is especially likely if the leaking occurs immediately after an old valve is replaced. This can be remedied by shutting off the water heater and letting it cool down completely, then removing and rethreading the valve into the tank's opening.

Water heater manufacturers recommend that you regularly check the T&P valve. Wear closed-toe shoes to avoid scalding. Except for a bucket, no tools are required.