Pressure tanks used with undersink reverse osmosis units are miniature versions of pressure tanks used on residential water wells.

How to checkRO tank pressure

In every IBC SL-series boiler there is a provision in the wiring harness for tying in a future LWCO device if one is not installed in the factory. This takes the form of a jumper visible in the field wiring box. Removing or damaging the Molex connector with this jumper would result in a LWCO error even if boiler has no LWCO device. Separate the Molex connectors to access the jumper for a resistance test, and repair or replace as necessary.

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The best way to prevent backflow is for potentially 'at-risk' properties to install and maintain a suitable device.

The storage tank is the source of the most common problems with undersink RO units. Not enough air in the tank results in not enough water at the faucet. Too much air also results in not enough water at the faucet.

For your safety, turn off the electrical power supply at the service panel, and allow the appliance to cool before proceeding. The ability to perform service on this equipment requires certain expertise, mechanical skills, tools, and equipment. If you do not possess these, do not attempt to perform any service on this equipment. Failure to follow this warning could result in possible in damage to this equipment, serious personal injury, or death.

A red light within the LWCO module confirms the presence of water at the probe. In this case, test the Water High Limit. (see Figure 4).

If your boiler model is an SL 80-399, determine whether the LWCO / Water High Limit error refers to the Low-Water Cut-Off or to the Manual Reset Water High Limit.

Another common misunderstanding is the belief that the tank's external material affects the quality of the water. Actually, the water you're going to drink doesn't touch the metal or plastic that the tank is made from. Except for the spout at the top, which is stainless steel on most modern metal tanks, the water does not touch the metal. The water contacts only the butyl bladder. Butyl has been used for years for RO tanks and well tanks and is regarded as inert.

RO tank pressureGauge

A jumper across the LWCO probe should allow you to reset the module and produce a solid light that stays on. If it doesn’t, check your connections and replace the module including its base if necessary.

4 gallonRO tank pressure

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If the LWCO probe is immersed in water, but the LWCO module cannot be reset using the reset button (see Figure on page 1), or the error returns after being cleared, the LWCO safety circuit may be the issue. For older models without test and reset buttons, reset by powering the boiler off and back on.

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Typically, a Low-Water Cut-Off error appears when the LWCO probe (see Figure on page 1) detects the presence of air. Energizing the boiler pump when the control board (with LWCO safety circuit) is initially powered up can trigger a LWCO error.

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In the picture, the stem at the top of the tank is where water both enters and leaves the tank. The blue cap on the front near the bottom covers a standard Schroeder air valve, like the valve on a bicycle or automobile tire. This is where air is pumped into the tank. The air valve on some tanks is in a different place, so you may have to look for it. In older Amtrol tanks, the air valve is located inconveniently on the bottom of the tank.

How to pressurizeRO tank

Maximum waterpressureforROsystem

The electronic probe is designed to work with a range of electrically conductive hydronic fluids. If reverse-osmosis purified water has been used to fill the system its very low conductivity will trip this alarm. Please note that using reverse-osmosis water also reacts with the stainless steel heat exchanger, and will void the warranty on the boiler.

Filter: All Files Submit Search Troubleshooting Low Water Cut-off (LWCO) or Water High Limit errors in SL boilers (non-G3 boilers) Error Boiler Model LWCO / Water High Limit error SL 80-399, SL G1 & G2 boilers with optional LWCO module Warning   For your safety, turn off the electrical power supply at the service panel, and allow the appliance to cool before proceeding. The ability to perform service on this equipment requires certain expertise, mechanical skills, tools, and equipment. If you do not possess these, do not attempt to perform any service on this equipment. Failure to follow this warning could result in possible in damage to this equipment, serious personal injury, or death. Cause of LWCO errors Typically, a Low-Water Cut-Off error appears when the LWCO probe (see Figure on page 1) detects the presence of air. Energizing the boiler pump when the control board (with LWCO safety circuit) is initially powered up can trigger a LWCO error. Automatic air vents should be installed to serve the top of the boiler. After a LWCO error, test the automatic air vents. Note that poor water quality or excessive pressure can interfere with the float action of automatic air vents. If this error is accompanied by a Check Ignition Module error, resolve the LWCO / Water High Limit error first. In most cases, this will also clear the Ignition Module error. Restoring operation after a LWCO error or Water High Limit error Purge air from the system. Press the LWCO module Reset button until the red light on the module comes back on (see Figure on page 1 and Figure on page 1). On some older boilers the buttons are near the air pressure sensor. Figure:  LWCO test and reset buttons on top of controller chassis Clear the error in the touchscreen controller or allow the system to time out. To clear the error, go to the Main Menu > Diagnostics >Advanced Diagnostics > Clear Errors> Yes>OK. Diagnosing a LWCO error or Water High Limit error If your boiler model is an SL 80-399, determine whether the LWCO / Water High Limit error refers to the Low-Water Cut-Off or to the Manual Reset Water High Limit. To do this: Examine the LWCO module. The boiler may be accessible via a swing-out door on the left side of the controller (see Figure 2), or visible directly behind the controller (see Figure 3). Figure:  LWCO accessed to the left of the fixed controller Figure:  LWCO module located behind the touchscreen controller A red light within the LWCO module confirms the presence of water at the probe. In this case, test the Water High Limit. (see Figure 4). Figure:  Water High Limit Reset button on the supply piping To test the Water High Limit, check the voltage drop across the Water High Limit switch by testing the screws (through the circular access holes) immediately above and immediately below the red reset button. If you find nominal 24V between the two points, the Limit Switch is open and must be reset by pressing the red button. A click should be audible and the voltage drop across the switch should return to 0V. The switch is rated at 200°F. Investigate the cause of the tripping. Water high limit errors may be caused by stagnant system water. Check for intermittent pump operation, pump post-purge time set to zero, and for possible overheating from other heat sources (such as multiple boilers piped in parallel without check valves). Diagnosing a persistent LWCO / Water High Limit error If the LWCO probe is immersed in water, but the LWCO module cannot be reset using the reset button (see Figure on page 1), or the error returns after being cleared, the LWCO safety circuit may be the issue. For older models without test and reset buttons, reset by powering the boiler off and back on. Power off the boiler, and remove the LWCO module from its base by pulling it straight upwards. Reset the module and power the boiler back on. Often circuit troubles can be resolved by remaking contacts between the module’s 11 pins and its base. If the light never appears on the LWCO module, check for power: nominally 24V between terminals 1 (yellow wire) and 3 (blue wire) on the module base. If the module light does not stay on after being reset, jumper the yellow and green leads to the LWCO probe (see Figure on page 1). If the module red light then stays lit, the problem is not with the module. See Testing the LWCO probe. A jumper across the LWCO probe should allow you to reset the module and produce a solid light that stays on. If it doesn’t, check your connections and replace the module including its base if necessary. If the LWCO light is on, but the error persists, the module relay may have failed. When the red light is on there should be 0V difference between the LWCO base terminals 1 (yellow wire) and 10 (orange wire). If 24V is found there when the red light is on, replace the module including its base if necessary. Testing the LWCO probe If the red light on the LWCO module flashes, the module may be detecting a weak current through the probe. If the red light on the LWCO module stays on only when the yellow and green leads to the LWCO probe are jumpered together, reinstall, clean or replace the probe.Figure:  LWCO probe Inspect the probe for signs of corrosion. Probe should not be installed with Teflon tape on its threads, as this tends to electrically isolate the ground side of the probe. IBC requires that the pipe dope used on these threads be a conductive type, e.g. Masters® Metallic Compound, Permatex® Copper Anti-Seize Compound, Never Seez® Pure Nickel Special Anti-Seize, or do not use pipe dope.The electronic probe is designed to work with a range of electrically conductive hydronic fluids. If reverse-osmosis purified water has been used to fill the system its very low conductivity will trip this alarm. Please note that using reverse-osmosis water also reacts with the stainless steel heat exchanger, and will void the warranty on the boiler. Boilers without a LWCO module In every IBC SL-series boiler there is a provision in the wiring harness for tying in a future LWCO device if one is not installed in the factory. This takes the form of a jumper visible in the field wiring box. Removing or damaging the Molex connector with this jumper would result in a LWCO error even if boiler has no LWCO device. Separate the Molex connectors to access the jumper for a resistance test, and repair or replace as necessary. Figure:  Jumper for LWCO circuit   IBC Technologies Inc 1-844-HEAT-IBC Technical Support Report Website Errors

If this error is accompanied by a Check Ignition Module error, resolve the LWCO / Water High Limit error first. In most cases, this will also clear the Ignition Module error.

Examine the LWCO module. The boiler may be accessible via a swing-out door on the left side of the controller (see Figure 2), or visible directly behind the controller (see Figure 3).

Water is stored in a bladder, made of a material called butyl. When there is a demand for water, the water is pushed out of the tank's bladder by air pressure.

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The biggest misunderstanding about RO tanks is that they hold the amount of water that the tank manufacturer says. They actually hold much less. That's because much of the inner space of the tank is occupied by air and a heavy bladder. Typically, you'll get about 2.5 gallons of water out of what is commonly called a 4 gallon RO tank.

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Here is a stylized view of what it looks like on the inside of an RO tank. Actual interior construction of tanks may differ, but the illustration shows the basic arrangement.

What happens ifRO tank pressureis too high

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Automatic air vents should be installed to serve the top of the boiler. After a LWCO error, test the automatic air vents. Note that poor water quality or excessive pressure can interfere with the float action of automatic air vents.

When the RO tank is empty of water, it should have a pressure of five to 10 psi air. As water is forced into the tank by operation of the RO unit, pressure inside the tank increases. Standard RO units have a hydraulic shutoff valve that stops production of water when the pressure in the tank reaches approximately 2/3 of the pressure of the tap water that supplies the RO unit. Thus, if your city water pressure is 60 psi, the RO unit will fill the storage tank to around 40 psi before shutoff. If, however, your city pressure is only 50 psi, the RO unit will stop filling the tank when the pressure in the tank reaches a bit over 30 psi. This may make it difficult to supply an icemaker with your RO unit.

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