Our team of experienced water heater parts experts is happy to help! Identifying the correct replacement T&P Relief Valve for your water heater can be difficult without the right tools.

The location of your water heater's T&P relief valve may vary based on the water heater's grade (residential vs. commercial) and specific model. Across most water heater manufacturers, these are the most common locations for T&P valves:

Using the Darcy Weisbach equation, we can check the pressure drop through each pipe size until we get a result that is less than 1.825kPa per metre (0.082psi/ft).

If you need to make a big decision on what parameter to use, it is important to talk to your manager and project team to assess the options and determine the best way to proceed.

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The reduced pressure drop through the larger 22mm (1/2") pipe means that the pressure at the fixture is now 114.26kPa (16.6psi), which is 14.26kPa (2.1psi) above the required minimum pressure (100kPa / 14.5psi):

Without it, the system’s water quality is significantly reduced. This can be a major risk in some buildings, especially in healthcare and aged care.

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"I would estimate over the length of this project, I have spent 50% less time designing than I would on our previous software.

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The most common cause of a leaking T&P Valve or dripping T&P Valve is an increase in thermal expansion. This is most often the result of not having a thermal expansion tank installed on your water heater's cold inlet line; if you already have a thermal expansion tank and have excessive water pressure, a technician will perform a pressure test to determine whether your T&P Valve is faulty or if you may need a Pressure Reducing Valve installed to control the water pressure in your home.

“Thermal expansion of water, if not compensated for in system design, will lead to the early failure of components. These failures are not covered by the manufacturer’s warranty, so it is extremely important that everyone be aware of the causes, symptoms and solutions to thermal expansion in a closed water heating system” (Source: A.O. Smith)

If you are going to replace your Relief Valve without using your water heater manufacturer's direct replacement, you should be sure to match the following:

“Thermal expansion of water, if not compensated for in system design, will lead to the early failure of components. These failures are not covered by the manufacturer’s warranty, so it is extremely important that everyone be aware of the causes, symptoms and solutions to thermal expansion in a closed water heating system” (Source: A.O. Smith)

To size water pipes correctly is critical for the performance of your design. Below, we will explore the issues caused by incorrectly sized pipes, explain what to consider when sizing pipes, and work through an example pipe sizing project.

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Aside from the excessive materials and their associated cost, the main issue is that a self-cleansing velocity is not reached within the pipe.

So another parameter to design is to work out how much pressure you can lose through your pipes and then size the pipes based on not exceeding that.

CASE STUDIES Award-Winning Heating Design "Using h2x was pivotal, allowing for precise heat loss calculations, pipe sizing and flow rates for each room. This level of detail ensured that the heating load accurately matched each space's requirements, minimising energy waste and maximising comfort. The strategic placement of heat pumps and careful sizing of pipework were crucial in maintaining minimal pressure drops over an 18-metre distance." Read the full case study

This level of detail ensured that the heating load accurately matched each space's requirements, minimising energy waste and maximising comfort.

h2x software can assist in optimising pipe sizing based on different design parameters by automating velocity and pressure calculations and providing insights into the performance of the piping system.

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The pressure at the fixture is 123.74kPa (18psi), which is 23.74kPa (3.5psi) above the required minimum pressure (100kPa / 14.5psi).

CASE STUDIES Salon Republic, USA "The quality of the designs saw significant improvement with the adoption of h2x." "The software offers precision through detailed result outputs and advanced options for efficient pipe sizing, allowing heating engineers to optimise based on parameters like maximum velocity and pressure drop." Read the full case study

Whilst it is compulsory for your project to be compliant with relevant Standards, it is also very important that the design is fit for purpose.

It is important not to confuse the T&P Valve with the drain valve, pressure relief valves, nor pressure reducing valves (PRVs).

When you need water heater repair or other water heater service, contact the professionals here at U.S. Water Heating Solutions! We regularly diagnose and replace water heater T&P Valves, perform warranty repairs for many of the top manufacturers, and can assist with many other water heater services.

This involves analysing the trade-offs between meeting velocity limits, maintaining self-cleansing velocity, and minimising pressure drop to avoid the need for additional pumps.

The T&P Valve is made to open by force to relieve excess temperature/pressure inside your water heater or manually during inspection. Typically, if you should lift the T&P Relief Valve handle/lever at a 90 degree angle for maintenance, you should be able to lower it back down easily into the closed position. If the T&P Valve's lever will not close fully, it will need to be replaced. This type of T&P Valve replacement will likely not be covered by the manufacturer's warranty.

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How does the design process differ when considering different parameters like maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and pressure drop per meter?

It can literally be impossible to design to all three of the parameters as they contradict each other in some scenarios.

The pressure at the fixture is 95.74kPa (13.9psi), which is 4.26kPa (0.6psi) below the required minimum pressure (100kPa / 14.5psi).

Please Note: Although our Parts Department team members are experienced, they cannot diagnose issues with your T&P Relief Valve via e-mail or by phone. If you need assistance with diagnostics, we recommend contacting your water heater manufacturer's technical support first or requesting a service call.

Thermal expansion refers to the process of water's volume and contained pressure increasing as a result of the water heating process.

A water heater T&P Relief Valve is a safety feature "that will prevent or relieve overheated water and pressure. Without a relief valve during an unsafe condition, the tank pressure would rise to the point the tank may rupture or explode."

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The strategic placement of heat pumps and careful sizing of pipework were crucial in maintaining minimal pressure drops over an 18-metre distance."

Regardless of whether you purchase your water heater at a local hardware store, from a plumbing supplier, or directly from the manufacturer, you will likely see a note in the listing and/or on the box itself that says the water heater has a pre-installed T&P Relief Valve. This means that the water heater comes with a T&P Valve that is installed in the side of the tank, however, your installer will need to add the discharge pipe. In other words, yes, your water heater has a Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve (TPR); if your tank type water heater does not have a TPR, your water heater should not be run until an appropriately sized TPR has been installed by a professional due to the potential safety risk of excessive temperature and pressure.

CASE STUDIES Greengate, UK "I would estimate over the length of this project, I have spent 50% less time designing than I would on our previous software. The ability to output the design straight into Revit assisted clash detection and coordination." Read the full case study

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Thermal expansion refers to the process of water's volume and contained pressure increasing as a result of the water heating process.

Rheem recommends inspecting and testing your water heater's T&P valve every 6 months. As a tip to remember, they also recommend performing this check "when 'springing forward' or 'falling back' with daylight savings time."

Pipes within the hot water systems should be designed to a lower maximum velocity than cold water pipes due to the risk of erosion-corrosion increasing at higher water temperatures

It achieves this by utilising engineering principles and algorithms to analyse the layout and sizing of the pipes, taking into account factors such as fluid flow rates, pipe materials, and system constraints.

However, that may not necessarily be the best result for the client due to the space, cost, and energy that is associated with adding a pump to the design.

Just like your home's smoke detectors' functionality should be checked, water heater manufacturers also recommend ensuring the functionality of your TPR. In manufacturers' literature or your water heater manual, this may be referred to as:

In some cases, T&P Valves may be faulty coming directly from the manufacturer. Permitted the technician is able to determine the T&P Valve did not fail due to: user error (i.e., being forced open), high incoming water pressure, thermal expansion, or another plumbing issue, most manufacturer warranties for labor and parts will cover the cost of the replacement T&P Relief Valve and the installation (if your water heater still has labor coverage).

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Meeting the self-cleansing velocity prevents microorganisms from building up in the pipes and therefore helps to stop the growth of biofilm.

The updated pipe sizes based on the new sizing parameter are shown below - the only change being an increase to the ‘Incoming Pipe’ from 15mm (1/2") to 22mm (3/4"):

What is the difference between a T&P Valve and a Pressure Reducing Valve? (PRV): Aside from their appearance, the main difference between a T&P Valve and a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) is their installation location and purpose:

When considering parameters like maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and pressure drop per meter, engineers need to balance these factors to ensure optimal performance of the water pipe system.

Whether T&P Valve Replacement will be covered by warranty is determined by your manufacturer's warranty policy. In most cases, the water heater manufacturers will require some readings and documentation prior to approving a warranty T&P Valve replacement, including but not limited to:

There is no definitive answer to this but the general consensus is that pipe velocities should be kept above 0.6m/s (2 ft/s) to maintain the self-cleansing velocity.

Besides pipe size, other factors that can affect pressure drop in a water pipe system include the type of pipe material, the number and type of fittings and valves used, the layout and configuration of the piping network, and the fluid properties such as viscosity and temperature.

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If you solely design to the velocity parameters, this can lead you to have a high amount of pressure loss through the system. Consequently, this could mean you need a pump.

NOTE: Most manufacturers list this information in the manual's section on Thermal Expansion and TPR Valves instead of the Water Heater Preventative Maintenance section.

If your replacement T&P Valve is not covered under warranty, you can expect to spend anywhere from about $20.00 to $75.00, depending on whether your water heater is residential (typically cheaper) or commercial (typically more expensive).

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Through its intuitive interface and powerful simulation capabilities, h2x enables engineers to efficiently design and optimise water pipe systems to meet project requirements.

"The software offers precision through detailed result outputs and advanced options for efficient pipe sizing, allowing heating engineers to optimise based on parameters like maximum velocity and pressure drop."

***DISCLAIMER: PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MANUFACTURER’S INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR INFORMATION REGARDING YOUR SPECIFIC MODEL. IF YOU ARE ATTEMPTING TO SERVICE YOUR OWN HEATER, PLEASE DO SO WITH CAUTION; U.S. WATER HEATING SOLUTIONS, LLC. AND THE OTHER ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED BELOW ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSOCIATED LIABILITIES. THIS ARTICLE IS MEANT TO PROVIDE AN INFORMATIVE AND EDUCATIONAL SUMMARY AND DOES NOT SUPERSEDE OFFICIAL WATER HEATER REPAIRS OR MANUFACTURER INFORMATION.

It is recommended to replace your T&P Valve with the replacement part number provided by your water heater's manufacturer. However, given the fact that most major water heater manufacturers use T&P Relief Valves manufactured by Watts, some part numbers are interchangeable between manufacturers.

When drawing the pipe layout, the most important thing is to take the most direct route possible - use the least amount of bends and pipe length to get from the water main to the fixtures.

If your replacement T&P Valve is not covered under warranty, you can expect to spend anywhere from about $20.00 to $75.00, depending on whether your water heater is residential (typically cheaper) or commercial (typically more expensive).

Whether T&P Valve Replacement will be covered by warranty is determined by your manufacturer's warranty policy. In most cases, the water heater manufacturers will require some readings and documentation prior to approving a warranty T&P Valve replacement, including but not limited to: