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In a typical control loop, a process variable is first detected and measured by a sensor which transmits information concerning its value to a host or Distributed Control System (DCS). The DCS then interprets the information in relation to a predetermined set point value designed to allow or restrict that process and relays a signal to an actuator about the degree to which it must open or close to return the process to the original set point.

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A pressure relief valve or pressure control valve (PCV) determines the degree to which a valve opens or closes in response to an electrical signal generated from one or more process variables. Pressure control valves are based on the standard control loop system. A good example is a PCV used to control fluid pressure through a pipeline.

A pressure relief valve (PRV) and a Pressure control valve (PCV) are both used for pressure control purposes but differ in operation.

In the downstream oil and gas industry, a control loop system is used to allow or restrict the flow of hydrocarbons through a system based on predetermined set point values. These might be used in LACT Skids or for oil surge system management.

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A PSV is closely related in function to a PCV. The main difference between PSV and PCV is that a PSV’s valves open almost fully immediately a fluid achieves set point temperature unlike the PCV which opens up gradually.

For instance, a pressure regulator does not require an external source of power to function i.e. pressure from the fluid on the diaphragm is what activates the open/close action of the valves.

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A PCV serves as the primary line of defense in an oil field which prevents overpressurized flow line of hydrocarbons through a channel. A PRV is a static secondary safety device used to ‘bleed off’ excess pressure from an oil and gas well or pressurized system.

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A Pressure regulator differs from a PRV in a few ways. Like a PCV, a Pressure regulator is a primary safety device used for pressure control in oil and gas facilities. On the other hand, a PRV is secondary safety device used for secondary (non-critical) pressure control.

The PCV will open an outlet valve to permit hydrocarbons only is its pressure is equal to or slightly below the set point pressure to which the pipeline is rated. Automating fluid control in this way is quite beneficial for maintaining a safe transport pressure as well as accurate metering of the commodity.

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Pressure regulators and pressure relief or control valves are important instruments in the oil and gas industry used for the same purpose – automated fluid control. However, the two instruments differ fundamentally in operation and design.

A pressure safety valve or PSV is an automatic safety device used to immediately relieve pressure on a compressible fluid vessel to avoid critical failure and loss of life due to overpressurized vessel conditions.

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Since they are process-controlled and do not require an intermediate relay system for control, pressure regulators generally have a faster response time than pressure control valves.

It is important for operators, engineers, and other relevant stakeholders to understand the differences between these devices in order to determine the most suitable choice for various applications.

PCVs need to rely on continuity between DCS, sensors, and actuators. Thus, the entire system is subject to instrumentation failure when one component is defective.

The experts at Integrated Flow Solutions (IFS) are oil and gas skid manufacturers that design and produce configured-to-order liquid measurement systems and engineered-to-order pumping and process systems optimized for all key players across the energy industry value chain. Contact us today for information about how we can improve your process systems with our high-efficiency skids.

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A pressure regulator is a device designed to allow or restrict the flow of process fluids through a channel by applying the process fluid to the surface of a diaphragm. The fluid will either be allowed or prevented from flowing based on the set point pressure.

A control loop is a system designed to apply or restrict a measured process variable based on its degree of deviation from a predetermined set point. Controlled process variables can be anything from temperature to pressure, volume, level etc.

A pressure control valve controls fluid flow by opening or closing a valve based on an electrical signal generated from a process variable (e.g. temperature, pressure, level etc.), a regulator is controlled directly by the process.

To get a clearer picture about how both devices work, it’s important to first understand the basics of a process control loop.